Occasional Criminals Slideshare
See Article History Habitual offender, person who frequently has been convicted of criminal behaviour and is presumed to be a danger to society. In an attempt to protect society from such criminals, penal systems throughout the world provide for lengthier terms. Caldwell (1956: 57) has given the following characteristics of a professional criminal: 1. Crime is his main source of livelihood: He devotes his full working time and energy to it and constantly attempts to improve his skills. He tries to specialise in one or two crimes. He normally obeys the law, except when it interferes with his crime. Occasional criminals or criminaloids crimes explained by opportunity 4. Criminals of passion commit crimes because of anger, love, or honour, propelled to crime by irresistible force-Each new edition that he released gave more attention to environmental explanations-P hreno l ogy: shape of an individual‟s head could explain his or her characteristics-Demonstrated the importance of examining. 1 THE OCCASIONAL CRIMINALS What is Crime? 'Crime is an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act.' 2. 'Crime is the breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority (via mechanisms such as police power) may ultimately prescribe a conviction.' Types of Crimes The Federal Bureau of Investigation collects crime data from local law-enforcement agencies under the.
Categorizing offenders into occasional, conventional and professional criminals highlights the psychological aspect of criminal orientation, socioeconomic factors, criminal tendencies and the deterrent effectiveness of penalties imposed on various types of criminals. The illustration that the perpetrators of most occasional property crimes are people form well-off backgrounds raises questions on the factors that motivate shoplifting, forgery and vandalism. Considering that wealthy individuals such as Winona Ryder and Claude Allen have suffered charges of shoplifting, it seems that the perpetrators of occasional property crimes engage in the vice largely to satisfy their curiosity and urge for adventure. When someone shoplifts goods about 5,000 dollars of goods, yet his salary is about 160, 000 dollars, the idea of a crime driven by necessity become unacceptable. The role of factors such as poverty and lack of education is not evident among most of the occasional property criminals. Occasional property criminals act impulsively with little a planning on the intended crime unlike other categories of criminals. It is interesting that the perpetrators of occasional property crimes do not regard themselves as criminals but people who take advantage of poor security systems. The infrequency of the acts of an occasional property criminal means that, they are unlikely to continue with the errant behavior once apprehended. An analysis of conventional property crimes shows a pattern and reasonable amount of planning by the perpetrators of such crimes. Material and monetary gains constitute the central aspects of conventional property crimes, which act as a source of livelihood for the offenders. Conventional criminals regard acts such as burglary and motor vehicle theft as an occupation and often associate with other groups of criminals unlike the occasional criminals. For example, the Flatbush Pulley Gang operated in groups of between 15-30 men for purposes of coordination and time efficiency.
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Categorizing offenders into occasional, conventional and professional criminals highlights the psychological aspect of criminal orientation, socioeconomic factors, criminal tendencies and the deterrent effectiveness of penalties imposed on various types of criminals. The illustration that the perpetrators of most occasional property crimes are people form well-off backgrounds raises questions on the factors that motivate shoplifting, forgery and vandalism. Considering that wealthy individuals such as Winona Ryder and Claude Allen have suffered charges of shoplifting, it seems that the perpetrators of occasional property crimes engage in the vice largely to satisfy their curiosity and urge for adventure. When someone shoplifts goods about 5,000 dollars of goods, yet his salary is about 160, 000 dollars, the idea of a crime driven by necessity become unacceptable. The role of factors such as poverty and lack of education is not evident among most of the occasional property criminals. Occasional property criminals act impulsively with little a planning on the intended crime unlike other categories of criminals. It is interesting that the perpetrators of occasional property crimes do not regard themselves as criminals but people who take advantage of poor security systems. The infrequency of the acts of an occasional property criminal means that, they are unlikely to continue with the errant behavior once apprehended. An analysis of conventional property crimes shows a pattern and reasonable amount of planning by the perpetrators of such crimes. Material and monetary gains constitute the central aspects of conventional property crimes, which act as a source of livelihood for the offenders. Conventional criminals regard acts such as burglary and motor vehicle theft as an occupation and often associate with other groups of criminals unlike the occasional criminals. For example, the Flatbush Pulley Gang operated in groups of between 15-30 men for purposes of coordination and time efficiency.
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Occasional Criminals Vs Professional Criminals
The criminal profiles of incarcerated conventional property criminals show an aspect of internalization and acceptance of crime especially among older adults. Most conventional criminals are able to overcome the threats of arrest and view having a criminal record as a good thing on the streets. Poverty, drug use and lack of education greatly influence an individual’s tendency to engage in conventional property crimes with most of the offenders regarding their activities as a means of survival. Conventional crimes offer an opportunity for acquisition of skills and knowledge required in professional crime. The mode of operation for professional criminals ensures that they can steal a lot and for long without arrest. Meticulous planning and precision are crucial for professional criminals because their activities require the breach of security systems to reach the target without arousing any public attention. The rewards for professional criminals are numerous, and a series of successful criminal undertakings earns them respectable status in the criminal world. Professional criminals rely on nonviolent and systematic skills to achieve their objectives unlike the conventional property criminals. For example, pyramid schemes rely on the gullibility of people and only require the criminal to convince his targets of a reasonably high interest on the deposited amount. It is interesting to realize the influence of varying perceptions about who deserves the label of a criminal on the tendencies of some people to turn crime into an occupation. It seems that the tendencies of criminals vary based on their social status, psychological conviction, nature of a crime and approaches used in committing the crime.
About
The objectives of launching this ‘Occasional Paper Series' by the Center for Criminal Justice Research at IIT Kanpur is to encourage and promote research publications about criminal justice issues of India. A large number of police officers, researchers and practitioners in the country are conducting exciting research on problems peculiar to India. Their creativity and innovations are not been recognized due to the limitations of publishing articles related to scholarship emanating from India. The inherent bias of western publications that focus upon issues related to Global North and reluctance of editors to support research influenced by challenges of the historical, social and post-colonial reality of India prevents excellent research from being published. This Occasional Paper Series seeks to highlight and recognize Indian researchers and practitioners working in the growing field of criminal justice. The Series will publish high quality analytical, empirically based research articles, essays, reports, conference presentations, commentaries and short manuscripts that contribute to the understanding of research on criminal justice issues of India. All published papers will be original contributions and subject to rigorous peer review and will be of interest to a large audience of researchers, practitioners and concerned citizens interested in issues of crime, deviance and its control mechanism in the country. The Series will be an online open access form published regularly.
Submission Guidelines
All submissions must be original contributions and related to criminal justice issues of India. A minimum word length of 800 is required exclusive of references, footnotes etc. While no writing style is prescribed but it must follow the general pattern of sociology/ political/ criminology journals of India. Authors must ensure that the research work is fully referenced and provide accurate contact details for any queries or investigations that may arise, pre- or post-publication. The source of all data and third-party material must be properly cited. It is the responsibility of the author[s] to obtain written permission for re-use from relevant copyright holders, if applicable. The copyright of Occasional Papers is reserved with the Indian Institute of Technology- Kanpur. Reproduction is permitted provided an acknowledgement is made. The views expressed in the publications will be those of the authors and will not reflect the views of the Editorial Committee or of IIT Kanpur. Moreover, the responsibility for the accuracy of events and incidents contained in the contributions will rest with the author(s).
All submissions must be addressed to arvindcjus@cse.iitk.ac.in.
Editor
Dr. Arvind Verma [former IPS], Visiting Prof IITK Slots craze casino on facebook.
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1. | Good and Bad Encounters by Dr. Arvind Verma | Click to Read Paper |
2. | Using Telecom for Covid Tracing by Samir Datt | Click to Read Paper |